International Childhood Cancer Day: understanding the 33% impact of blood cancer in South Africa
International Childhood Cancer Day observed on 15 February every year serves as a powerful reminder that early detection and access to treatment can save lives.
This year, organizations like DKMS Africa and the South African Bone Marrow Registry (SABMR) are working to spread awareness, educate parents, and increase stem cell donor registrations to give children a fighting chance.
Blood cancer an umbrella term for various malignant diseases affecting the bone marrow and blood-forming system accounts for one-third of all childhood cancers in South Africa.
With nearly 5,000 children currently living with the disease, the emotional and financial toll on families is enormous.
In South Africa, childhood cancer survival rates hover around 20%, compared to over 80% in developed countries like the United States according to the World Health Organisation.
The discrepancy is staggering and largely due to late diagnosis, limited awareness, and lack of access to treatment.
Palesa Mokomele, Head of Community Engagement and Communications at DKMS Africa, emphasises that for many families, a diagnosis feels like a death sentence.
"Many parents don’t even know childhood cancer is a possibility until it’s too late. The symptoms mimic common illnesses like flu or infections, so they often go unnoticed until the disease has progressed."
Why are South African children diagnosed so late?
Delayed diagnosis is a major reason why 500 children die from blood cancer annually in South Africa.
Jane Ward, Deputy Director of the South African Bone Marrow Registry (SABMR), highlights the lack of awareness and educational resources as critical barriers.
"Childhood cancers are more often linked to genetic and environmental factors, unlike largely lifestyle-related adult cancers. If caregivers and doctors had better access to the latest research-backed information, we could detect the disease earlier and save more lives."
Early detection is crucial, yet many rural and underserved communities lack access to pediatric oncology specialists. By the time a child is diagnosed, the disease is often in an advanced stage, making treatment more complex and expensive.
The SABMR has launched a three-part patient guide on stem cell transplants to equip families with vital information.
This guide created in collaboration with Blood SA compiles medical insights from transplant centers and registries worldwide.
"We worked closely with cancer survivors and their families to make this guide as practical and relatable as possible," says Ward.
The guide, which is available in both print and digital formats, helps families navigate the transplant journey, from preparation to post-transplant recovery. This initiative is a lifeline for parents, who often feel lost and overwhelmed after a diagnosis.
Beyond the physical battle, the psychological impact of childhood cancer on caregivers is devastating. Parents experience a roller-coaster of emotions, from fear and denial to guilt and grief.
How parents can cope with the emotional impact
1. Fear and anxiety: The unknown is terrifying. Speaking to doctors and learning about treatment options can ease some of this anxiety.
2. Denial and anger: It’s natural to feel overwhelmed, but staying in denial can delay critical treatment. Seeking support from other parents or professional counsellors can help.
3. Guilt and blame: Parents often blame themselves for not noticing symptoms earlier. It’s important to recognize these feelings and seek emotional support.
4. Sadness and loss: Grieving the loss of a "normal" childhood is common. Support groups and therapy can help parents adapt to this new reality.
Stem cell transplants
For many children with blood cancer, a stem cell transplant is their best chance at survival. But finding a match is a major challenge.
"Every year, 1,400 South African children are diagnosed with blood cancer, yet many struggle to find a matching donor," Mokomele explains.
DKMS Africa is working to change this by encouraging more South Africans to register as stem cell donors. The process is simple a quick cheek swab but could mean the difference between life and death for a child in need.
How you can help
- Register as a stem cell donor through DKMS Africa or SABMR.
- Spread awareness about childhood cancer symptoms to help parents recognise them earlier.
- Support organisations that provide financial relief for families struggling with treatment costs.
With blood cancer survival rates so low in South Africa, awareness, early detection, and donor registration are crucial. No parent should have to lose their child because they couldn’t access treatment in time.
To learn more or register as a stem cell donor, visit: DKMS Africa- www.dkms-africa.org or SABMR- www.sabmr.co.za