Japan - Ziggy sometimes seems like the only naked dog in our neighborhood. He has a covering of curly white hair. But he doesn't wear a jacket to make him look stylish, nor a coat to keep him dry and warm.
He has no bandanna around his neck, nor a bow in his hair. He certainly doesn't wear trousers, or dog diapers, and we don't wheel him around in a stroller.
Bringing a dog to Japan is a cultural experience all of its own.
Meet some of Japan's pampered pooches:
Pets are pampered from Paris to Portland, but this is a country that takes dog ownership to another level. Pet owners are in a minority here, and broader society is not particularly tolerant. It can be hard for dog owners to rent apartments in Tokyo, let alone take their animals on public transport.
But take your pooch to Andy Cafe and Dog Salon in Tokyo. You'll not only be allowed to sit with your pet, but you can offer him or her food designed to look like what you're eating, even if it might taste a bit different.
There are mini-hamburgers, cheesecakes and quiche, bento boxes for dogs, and cakes made with chicken breast in the shape of bones.
On Valentine's Day, why not treat your dog to a heart-shaped cake? Perhaps your dog could celebrate Easter with a bunny cake, or get into the Halloween spirit with a doggy doughnut.
A friend who was skiing in Japan accidentally booked a room in a dog-friendly hotel, and was somewhat nonplussed to come down for breakfast in the morning to find dog food laid out, even if it was on a different table than the human offerings.
Public transport isn't welcoming. Dogs weighing more than 10 kg aren't allowed on trains or in taxis, and smaller ones must be carried in enclosed carry bags or crates.
But Japan Airlines offers special charter flights to domestic tourist destinations once a year that let dog owners bring their pets inside the cabin.
Dogs aren't allowed off their leashes in Japanese parks, and there are very few dedicated dog runs. Instead, in our apartment building in Yokohama, Wancott "Total Dog Service" offers a large indoor exercise area, as well as a gym with a hydrotherapy tank, a wobble board and a mini-treadmill, for rehabilitation from injuries and general fitness training.
Given that our building used to contain a human gym until Wancott took the space, I'm not sure how I feel about that.
But it's not only the pampering that makes dog owners in Japan stand out. Here, good manners and consideration for others have a high premium in society.
Dog owners always pick up their dog's poop, without exception, but also often carry a bottle of water to squirt and wash down anything their pet has urinated on. It's called "manner water." Some take things a step further, laying down a mat to catch the waste before it even touches the ground.
Trash cans were largely removed from Japanese streets after a 1995 sarin gas attack on the subway. Dog owners have to take dog waste home and flush it down the toilet: A paper bag inside a plastic bag makes that an easier prospect.
But it's the clothes and strollers that are the most obvious manifestation of dog culture-shock here.
At a fashion show during Yokohama's Pet Expo 2019 last month, owners paraded their pets in an array of human clothes. There was a dog in green camouflage matching its owners', and another in a knitted hat and cardigan; there were spaniels in black jackets and jeans, dogs looking cool in leather jackets and sunglasses, and even four canines in scout uniforms.
"Dogs have been anthropomorphized in Japan," said Hisashi Ishiyama, chairman of the Japan Pet Food Association. "It's the empty-nest syndrome. People in their 50s, their kids have gone. People feel lonely, and a dog is an eternal baby, isn't it?"
With Japan's birthrate so low, and many elderly people living apart from their grown-up children, one might expect dog ownership to be rising. But it has actually fallen in the past four years, with 12.6% of households owning a total of 8.9 million dogs.
So we are in a minority as dog owners in Japan, but Ziggy seems happy here. Yokohama, a port city just outside Tokyo, is a lot cleaner than polluted Beijing, where we lived for the past five years, and that makes him healthier.
He was attacked by two different Rottweilers in China, so he also seems to appreciate that most dogs in Japan are smaller than he is. But he sometimes seems a bit mystified when he wants to sniff another dog, only to find it is wearing trousers.